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| picture representing Euthanasia |
WHAT IS EUTHANASIA ?
Euthanasia is derived from the Greek word, that is “EU” – means “Good” and “THANATOS” means – Death. Therefore it is defined as Hastening of death of a patient to prevent further sufferings. It is a type of mercy killing. it is also called a good death. It is a painless death to a patient or person suffering from incurable and hopeless and painful diseases. It is to die with dignity.
TYPES OF EUTHANASIA :-
ACTIVE
1. It is an intentional act.
2. Here a large dose of drugs or medicines are given to the patients for killing.
3. Example – By increasing the dose of the medicine.
4. By giving lethal doses of opioids, (morphine) or other narcotic drugs.
5. These medicinal doses are given in the form of injections or tablets.
6. These will enter the body of the patients and suppress the brain and heart and lungs function. The patient becomes unconscious and ultimately dies without any pain.
7. Example :- AIDS , CANCER etc.
8. It is illegal in India.
9. It is an act of commission.
PASSIVE
1. It is legal in India.
2. It is an act of omission.
3. In this process ,if a patient is in pain, then discontinuing the life supporting measures through which the patient was alive. Or in other words prohibition of using extraordinary life sustaining machines or measures.
Example – In the form of a feeding tube , in the form of a ventilator etc.
Example :– Coma patients, kidney failure patients etc.
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| Euthanasia or mercy killing |
ON THE WILL OF THE PATIENTS –
VOLUNTARY
As the name indicates, that it depends on the will of patients to die. In this case patients will voluntarily say to the doctor or their families, that I don’t want to survive. please kill me.
INVOLUNTARY
It is against the will of the patients. In this case patients are not in a position to make the decision. So, here the patient’s family’s consent is required. Or in other words, a patient is killed by the consent of their families and relatives or their spouses. But it is equivalent to murder.
Example :- paralysis
NON VOLUNTARY
Patient is not capable of making their own wishes. Or in other words, the patient is in vegetative state. Example :- Coma patients, paralytic patients .
OTHER TYPES ARE :-
BATTLE FIELD – Here soldiers are fatally wounded.
PEDIATRIC – It can be given to the infants who are suffering from incurable diseases.
GERIATRIC – Here it is given to the Elderly people suffering from terminal incurable diseases or illness. Example – old persons having multiple organ failure.
ANIMAL – An animal suffering from any viral diseases, or amputated body parts or having prolonged sickness can also be given .
SOME EXTRA INFORMATIONS ( data taken from the National library of medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information.)
1. It is a controversial topic.
2. It is designed to prevent unnecessary and unbearable pain.
3. Passive euthanasia is accepted world wide.
4. Active euthanasia is illegal in almost all countries.
5. Active euthanasia is considered as a criminal offence or homicide in most of the countries and can be given punishment up to imprisonment for 14 years.
6. Active involuntary euthanasia is legal in countries like Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg.
7. Assisted Suicides is legal in Switzerland and United States of Oregano, Washington and Montana.
8 . 1400 cases practice in Belgium alone.
9. Switzerland is known for Death tourism. Or it promotes death tourism where year patients primarily from British, Germany and French come or travel to end or terminate their lives.
10 . 2% of all deaths occurs from it in Netherlands.
11 . Previously there were age restrictions for euthanasia in Belgium but recently the country has passed the bill in the parliament which removed restrictions on age about euthanasia.
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| Euthanasia in birds |
EUTHANASIA IN INDIA
1. In India it is considered a crime. Section 309 of the IPC deals with the attempt to commit suicide and section 306 of the IPC deals with abutment of suicide ,both actions are punishable.
2 . In India it is legal only for those patients who are declared brain dead by doctors. In this only life the support system will seize with the consent of the family members .
3 . A major development took place in this field on March 7, 2011. The Supreme Court in a landmark judgement, allowed passive euthanasia.
Example –
Aruna shanbaug case
1. Aruna shanbaug was brutally raped and strangulated by the sweeper boy, result in the coma. Aruna shanbaug was in vegetative state for 37 years in Mumbai hospital.
2. Her friend pinky virani filed a plea to euthanize Aruna shanbaug and relief from suffering.
3. A two judges bench laid down a set of tough guidelines under which passive euthanasia can be legalized through a high court monitored mechanism.
4. The court further stated that parents, spouses, or other close relatives of the patient can make such a plea to the high court.
5. The chief justice of the High Court will constitute a bench to decide it. The bench would appoint a committee of at least 3 renowned doctors to advise them on this matter.
6 . In India March 2018 , the supreme Court legalized the passive euthanasia under the strict guidelines.
7. But before it giving to the Aruna shanbaug, she passed away from severe pneumonia on May 18 2015.
Misuse of euthanasia
1. People can misuse on the basis of their personal hatred and enemy.
2. Life supporting systems are really very costly, so people are not able to afford them so choosing it.
3. Depression
4. Feeling Burden
5 . Pregnancy in Rape cases .
6.Being dependent on others.
WRITTEN BY : SONI SHARMA
FAQ….
1 . SHOULD EUTHANASIA BE LEGALIZED ?
ANS . THIS REMAINS A PERSONAL, ETHICAL, LEGAL AND SOCIETAL DEBATE WITH DIFFERENT OPINIONS WORLD WIDE.
2 . CAN EUTHANASIA BE REQUESTED FOR MENTAL ILLNESS ?
ANS . EUTHANASIA FOR MENTAL ILLNESS IS NOT PERMITTED DUE TO ETHICAL AND MEDICAL CONCERNS.
3 . CAN EUTHANASIA BE REVERSED ?
ANS . NO, ONCE PERFOMMED, IT IS IRREVERSIBLE.
4 . CAN A NORMAL PERSON HAVE RIGHT TO GIVE EUTHANASIA ?
ANS . IT IS AN ETHICAL AND STRICT PROHIBITTED BECAUSE IT COMES UNDER LEGAL LAWS. THEREFORE ETHICAL SAFEGUARDS ARE REQUIRED.
5 . WHO CAN REQUEST EUTHANASIA ?
ANS .- MENTALLY COMPETENT ,SUFFERING FROM SEVESE, INCURABLE ILLNESS ( CONDITIONS DEPENDING ON NATIONAL LAW ) ETC.
