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Amputed leg
what is Gangrene?
Gangrene is simply the death of the tissues. And other definition is the damage of the tissues in the body. Due to the reduced blood supply in the body tissues leads to necrosis and necrosis leads to gangrene.
Example –
Diabetic patients are more infected from this disease.
what are the warning signs of gangrene?
It can occur mostly at the digital areas or in other words it can occur at the protruded parts. Example- at the lower limbs or legs, foot, hands, and even gangrene can occur in genital areas ( Fournier’s gangrene) also.
HOW IT HAPPENS?
It is an ischemic and necrotic condition. It is identified as black swelling of the tissues or black color of the skin tissues.
TYPES OF GANGRENE
( some data taken from NIH) There are 3 types of this disease:-
1. DRY Gangrene
It is a dehydrated Ischemic tissue caused by arterial occlusion . It occurs through a progression of peripheral artery disease . A person who has a problem with atherosclerosis is more prone to dry or Ischemic gangrene. Here the peripheral atherosclerosis overlaps with coronary artery disease. The appearance becomes mummified tissues. Here bacteria is not able to survive because of the dry conditions. Or in other words the condition is aseptic means free from bacteria and pathogens.
Example :–
persons having Diabetes, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia and habit of smoking etc, can affect this disease.
SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE
1 . Numbness in skin
2 . Fever
3 . Feeling unwell
4 . Swelling
5 . Pain
6. Shriveled skin
7 . Skin color changes from blue to black.
SITE
Commonly limbs
MICROSCOPY
Shrunken, dry organ, black
PUTREFACTION / rotting / decay
Limited due to very little blood supply
MECHANISM
Arterial occlusion
PROGNOSIS / speed of infections
Generally better due to little septicemia
LINE OF DEMARCATION
Present at the junction between healthy and gangrenous parts
Bacteria fail to survive
2 . WET GANGRENE
(some data taken from NIH
It may be dry. In this gangrene edema and Erythema may occurs. Here bacteria and pathogens survive. In this disease blood flow is poor in artery and venous. It is mostly seen in lower feet, and can also be seen in genitourinary areas. Diabetic persons are more prone to these Infections, because of the poor wound healing capacity.
SYMPTOMS OF GANGRENE DISEASE ARE:-
1 . Swelling
2 . Pain
3 . Pus discharge from affected areas
4 . Blisters
5 . Skin color changes from Red, blue, black , purple or greenish
6 . Fever
7 . Pain
8 . Foul smells
9 . A line will appears on the skin which distinguish a healthy skin and affected skin.
10 . Skin becomes shiny or thin.
SITE
More common in bowel
MICROSCOPIC Affected parts are moist, soft, swelling, dark color, rotten, smell
PUTREFACTION
Marked due to congestion of organ with blood
MECHANISM
Venous obstruction
PROGNOSIS
Generally poor due to profound to Xenia
LINE OF DEMARCATION
No clear cut line
BACTERIA
Numerous no in present
( some data taken from NIH)
3. GAS GANGERENE
Clostridium perfringen acteria is generally responsible for gas gangrene. Clostridium perfringens also results in clostridium myonecrosis. Other clostridium species like Clostridium septicum may also found. This organisms cause serious illness because it produces Exotoxins in the subcutaneous tissues. As the gas form or spread , similarly infection will spread.
In the infections microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Streptococcus , Bacteroides, Staphylococcus etc, will grows.
SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE ARE:
1 . Shortness of breathing rate
2 . Body temperature changes
3 . Low blood pressure
4 . Fast heartbeat
5 . Restlessly
SITE
Commonly limbs
MICROSCOPY
Red organ, cold, numb, pale, shriveled up and auto – amputations ( organs cut down)
PUTREFACTION
Marked due to bacteria and Infiltration of gases produced by them in tissues
MECHANISM
Gases produced by bacteria Clostridium
PROGNOSIS
Generally poor due to quick spread to the surrounding tissues.
LINE OF DEMARCATION
No clear line
Major cause other types of this disease
FOURNIER’S GANGRENE
It is a very rare type of gangrene. It occurs in the both male and female genital area. It starts from blisters, edema, crepitus, bullae and followed by subcutaneous gas are the symptoms of Fournier gangrene. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and malignancy and obesity are very near to this disease.
DIAGNOSIS ARE :-
1 . Radiography
2 . MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
3 . CT scan ( computed Tomography)
4 . Ultrasound
5 . Blood sample – Tests the bacterial infections.
Example :- If number of WBC count increases then there may be persistent of the disease. Because we all know that the WBC is the fighting agents in our blood. Means if WBC increases then pathogens might have attacked.
6 . Arteriogram ( In this method doctors Injects a dye into the blood and will take the x – ray to check the blood flow and blocked arteries.
TREATMENTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF GANGRENE ARE :-
1 . The ultimate treatment of this desease is surgery. Means removal of the debrided of the necrotic tissues.
2 . Early Surgical treatment is the key to get ride from THIS DISEASE. Example :- Fournier gangrene.
3 . Early symptoms should early treatment.
Example :-
If black or red color appears on the limb areas, then without any late, person should go to the doctor. Especially diabetic patients.
4 . Avoid smoking.
5. If there is frostbite, then it should be treated early.
6 . Antibiotics. Such as penicillin and Flucloxacillin etc.
7 . Amputations ( cutting of the organs/limbs)
PREVENTION OF DISEASE:-
1 . Healthy foods
2 . Maintaining body weight
3 . Maintain blood sugar levels
4 . Take care of wounds
5 . If there is frostbite, go to the doctor because it will block the blood flow, therefore keep the body warm.
WRITTEN BY : SONI SHARMA
FAQ…..
1 . HOW CAN WE PREVENT GANGRENE?
ANS. BY CONTROLLING SUGAR ,CLEANING ,DO NOT IGNORING ANY WOUNDS ETC.
2 . CAN GANGRENE WE CURED AT HOME?
ANS . NO, IT CAN BDE DANGEROUS. IT IS ALWAYS UNDER THE MEDICAL EMERGENCY.
3 . WHY GANGRENDE IS MORE DANGEROUS TO DIABETIC PATIENTS/
ANS . BECAUSE OF THE WEAKNESS IN THE NERVES ,TAKE MORE TIME IN WOUND HEALING.
4 . IS GANGRENE FATAL?
ANS. YES, IT CAN BE FATAL IF NOT TREATED ON TIME.
