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Radiation is the flow of energy in the form of waves and high speed particles. It can travel or move from space to another medium.
TYPES OF RADIATION :-
1 . NON- IONIZING RADIATION :-
LOGO OF RADIATION
It is a lower energy radiation. Whenever its molecules will vibrate, it will produce heat. Mainly it doesn’t cause any health risk but can be harmful depending on the energy level.
Types of non- ionizing radiation
- Alpha-rays – These are large and positively charged particles. Therefore they have high ionization power but low penetrating power. They can’t penetrate paper and skin. But it can be fatal if it is inhaled. Example – Uranium and Plutonium etc. Alpha rays are heavy but slow radiation.
If inhaled, it can damage soft tissues, cornea of eyes, and can damage DNA.
Uses:-
used as smoke detectors (example – Americium -241) , Alpha emitters are used in Radiotherapy in medical science.
- Beta- rays :- more penetrating power than Alpha rays.
Example- Tritium used in the emergency lights bulb firearms sights,exit signs , watches map lights and Carbon 14 is used in Archaeology and forensic science. etc.
C. Gamma- rays :- used in the Radiotherapy for treatment of cancer and also used as gamma knife for painless treatment of the tumors in the brain.
- X- rays:- Use to detect broken bones and lungs infections etc.
We are living in our home but instead we are surrounded by various types of non ionizing electrical equipment such as mobile phones , Mobile networks, Television etc.
These are also producing Radiations but the energy is very less therefore the harm level is low.
2 . IONIZING RADIATION :-
The radiation coming out from the Radioactive Elements such as Uranium,Thorium ,Plutonium etc
The measuring unit to calculate the radiation dose to the exposed body is “SIEVERTS”.
Symptoms of Radiation
1 . Thyroid cancer
2 . Leukemia
3 . Opacities of eyes / loss of eyesight / blindness
4 . Damage of eye cornea
5 . Radiation induces cataracts
6 . Permanent disability and temporary disability according to the energy levels
7 . Death
8 . Total Renal failure
9 . Multiple organ failure
10 . Birth defects
11 . Severe Respiratory problems
12 . Eye irritation
13 . Heavy rain with Radioactive fallout causing widespread contamination
14 . Diarrhea
15 . Dehydration
16 . Nausea
17 . Social , mental and psychological disruptions
18 . Contamination of Ground water
19 . Can cause mutation
20 . Damage of DNA
21 . Redness
22 . Immune systems failure
NUCLEAR BOMB EXPLOSION
EXAMPLES-
BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
The disaster occurred between the middle of 2nd and 3rd of December 1984 . The gas released was Methyl Isocyanate from the nuclear power plant. The worst Industrial accident in Indian history. About 45 tons of methyl Isocyanate escaped from the Insecticide plant that was owned by the Indian subsidiary of the American firm union carbide corporation.
Thousands of people died, including children. (15000-20, 000)
Example –
CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT
1 . Occurred on April 26,1986.
2 . The accident caused the deaths of 30 workers within a week . But the authorities evacuated about 115,000 people who were living there. The whole Environment is contaminated there till date. Chernobyl is one of the deadliest Nuclear Accidents. The radionuclides released from the reactor were I – 131 , Caesium -134 and Caesium- 137.
Effects –
1 . The animals are also affected there such as cattle, plants, water, even rocks and air etc.
They all are in the food chain and food web.
Consumption of the milk, meats , leaves vegetables, water, and inhalation of air caused cancer. Iodine -131 can be transferred easily through this in humans.
2 . This radiation causes Thyroid cancer ( up to the year 2005) .
3 . Caused Leukemia in children as well as adults.
Example-
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
During world war 2 ,the first ever Atomic bomb was dropped in the centre of Hiroshima and Nagasaki On 6th( bomb named -Little boy) and 9th (bomb named Fat man) August 1947 by America. Advanced plutonium based bomb that had undergone trials during the “ Trinity Test “ dropped on Nagasaki.
Example-
Hisashi ouchi nuclear accident case
On September 30, 1999 Tokaimura Nuclear Fuel processing plant accident occurred in Japan. It is considered Japan’s worst Nuclear accident.
49 workers were exposed to radiation. In which three workers were more exposed.
Masato Shinohara (7 Sieverts) , Yukata Yokokawa( 5 SIEVERTS) ,and Hisashi ouchi (17 SIEVERTS) .
They were working as technicians at the Tokaimura Nuclear fuel plant.
1 . Hisashi ouchi suffered immensely for 83 days from radiation sickness before succumbing to multiple organ failure.
Despite extensive medical efforts, he suffered immensely in pain for 83 days.
2. His skin was peeling under medical tape and flashes were ripped away because of the vanishing of the Epidermis.
Smooth oozing out mucosa because of the severe damage of his internal organs. He was given a broad spectrum of antibiotics, painkillers, and granulocyte colony stimulating factors to improve his immune response.
3 . Cardiac arrest
4 . Minimal brain activity
5 . Gastrointestinal radiation damage
6 . Respiratory failure
7 . Coma
8 . Bone marrow shattered
9 . Collapse of DNA
10 . Liver failure
11 . WBC destroyed
12 . Immune system destroyed
13 . Aspergillus molds spread across his body
14 . His body was also emitting radiation.
15 . Cellular damage therefore the body was unable to make new cells.
16 .zero lymphocytes
17. Multiple organ failure and Death
NUCIEAR POWER PLANT
Precautions-
1 . Strict safety measures should be implemented
2 . Set up of Nuclear policies
3 . Safety protocols
4 workers should be trained at a Nuclear plant.
5 . Educations and Qualifications
6 . Evacuated up to the radius area of 10 km where the Nuclear plant was set up.
7 . Emergency facilities and preparedness
8 . Availability of Boric acid at the medical shop in the area of the Nuclear plant. Because Boric acid acts as a Neutron absorber (but it will work for less exposed radiation ).
Is there any solution if a person is exposed ?
I want to give my honest answer. Radiation causes cancer. It has the power to mutate and can break the DNA sequencing.
Boric acid will stop only when it is very low in energy.
Prevention
The DNA sequencing can be regained by stem cells . But it is a very cost effective process.
Because stem cells have the power to regenerate the destroyed organs into new ones. DNA is also possible by stem cells. The stem cells are present in the umbilical cord in the embryonic stage. But the preservation of stem cells is very expensive.
WRITTEN BY : SONI SHARMA
FAQ…..
1 . Who is more prone to radiation ?
Ans . Radiation can affect any one but more in patients who are under treatment of more x-rays ,C.T. scans , chemicals etc.
2 . What should be the prevention measures for radiation ?
Ans . Hand free speakers , Do not do more X-rays if not important ,distance from mobiles etc.
3 . Is there any medicines for the curation of radiation ?
Ans . Yes ,it may be KI (Potassium iodide and boric acid ) But should be consumed on the advice of doctor.
